人本精神文化生活

郭晓明（Xiaoming Guo for Waterloo）

一、让子女有更多的精神文化生活
父母最操心的就是子女的身心健康。父母鼓励子女参加体育锻炼活动以保持身体健康，父母常常教导子女为人之道，希望子女能成长为栋梁之才。但是，按照弗洛伊德精神分析理论，父母教导只是强化了子女心理中的超我，不是心理健康途径的全部。在父母教导的为人之道与现实发生冲突的时候，子女就容易发生心理健康问题。新闻报道的不少枪击事件，枪手平时都是和蔼可亲，与人相处甚好，这种罪犯就是由于平时超我控制其行为、而导致精神问题的典型案例。真正能够保持子女心理健康的途径，要和锻炼身体保持身体健康一样，需要锻炼精神，需要培养健全的精神。而精神锻炼需要通过精神文化生活：读书、写日记、练书法、弹琴、下围棋、唱歌、等等，以增强子女的意志力、记忆力、精神集中力、和自律能力。精神文化生活锻炼的是弗洛伊德理论中的自我，教导为人之道只是增强心理中的超我。华人社区的中文学校和文化中心为华人提供了很多精神文化生活，这是华人的福祉也是加拿大多元文化的福祉，政府应该加大政策倾斜扶持和弘扬这些精神文化生活。

二、弗洛伊德精神分析
弗洛伊德发现心理冲动来源分于三个机构：本我、自我和超我。心理冲动的最基本来源是本我，是基因本能冲动。恋爱时期欲火中烧，是生理发育崛起的强盛的本我压倒自我干出不理性行为的根源。孔子说，食色性也。说的就是本我。饮食是个体生存需求，男女是种群延续需求，没有这两个基因本能，人类早就在优胜劣汰的自然选择中消亡了。

本我的冲动是生命体基因本能需求，它不顾客观环境是否有条件、不顾忌会产生什么行为后果。超我是社会规范的内化，是一种精神经济，不必每次费脑筋思考法和家训，把社会规范内化为自觉的行为，超我压抑本我违反社会规范的冲动和行为。超我的形成主要是父母管教、幼儿园和学校教育和纪律约束的结果。

自我是心理活动的经纪人，它权衡环境利弊，权衡行为后果得失，在本我需求和外界环境刺激之间寻求可行性，它最能表现个人意志。他和超我和本我谈判，找出折衷方案。自我是现实主义者，他压制现实不可能实现的本我冲动，在生命本能需求（本我）和客观环境的约束，以及文化规范的约束（超我）之间找出一个行为方案。真正面对现实适应环境的是自我，本我和超我都是不顾事实不考虑客观可能性的行为的来源。

三、当今社会精神匮乏的根源
极端伊斯兰产生的根源，就是超我过度膨胀压制了本我和自我。完全靠超我主导的行为泯灭了人性，是极端儒教说的“存天理、灭人欲”。真正人性的体现不在于本我，而在于自我，一个强大的自我是人本精神的基础。

极端伊斯兰社会和政治运动是在恢复中世纪黑暗时代的专制。欧洲有千年停滞徘徊的中世纪黑暗时代，那是政教合一社会制度，把基督教教理作为社会行为准则，不仅仅以法律形式强制，而且以教育形式塑造民众超强的超我心理。文艺复兴就是对中世纪这种专制社会的反抗，他们的反抗是恢复本我，以对抗超我。文艺复兴的绘画，表现人类的裸体美，对人类的本我进行肯定，恢复食色性也的合法性。

经过文艺复兴，资产阶级的个人自由和宗教自由价值观就成为资本主义社会的主流价值观。个人自由价值观内化为人超我心理，使得超我联合本我压制自我，形成了当代物欲横流、精神匮乏的堕落生活的心理基础。

四、加拿大面临的精神匮乏的社会问题
加拿大有60%以上的人身体超重，其中进一半的超重人口患有肥胖症。肥胖症是三高病的重要风险因素。肥胖症，就是超我要个人自由，放任本我暴饮暴食，是自我意志力薄弱，明知对身体有害，但无力控制超我和本我的联合，导致害己害人。加拿大社会对这种人群是宽容的，而且有道德和社会资源支持这种人群，因为他们的行为符合个人自由的资本主义价值观，如果他们工作效率低，雇主不能解雇他们，否则是歧视。购物广场专门为他们准备残疾人泊车位。

吸大麻、类鸦片药物过量死亡、这些都是怂恿本我及时行乐寻求即时心理满足，并受到个人自由价值观的合理化。大麻，酒精、毒品都是麻醉自我，解除自我意志的药物干预，是以物质干预精神。吸毒并不是个体生存的生理需求，这就是纵欲。

商品广告触动的就是消费者本我的神经，就是利用本我的食色性也规律。本我冲动，在弗洛伊德理论中是所有冲动的能量来源，称为力比多。精神文化生活就是把力比多升华为对高尚情操的最求。但是，资本主义价值观的高尚是个人自由主义，就是追求感官和物质的刺激。

追求性刺激是商品广告的效益点，这种性文化泛滥，造成了性生活的低龄化，低龄化性生活又造成了单亲少年母亲的社会困惑，因此有了口交和肛交这种避免少年母亲的性行为，这是同性恋群体不断扩大的原因之一。口交肛交同性恋不是种群延续的需求。安省性教育大纲是对这种社会风潮的补救，它不阻止物欲横流，只是让物欲横流更加卫生安全。

如今社会不是物质不充足，而是物质丰富却没有精神文化生活。西方好莱坞大片，以性、金钱、暴力为主题，强化所谓“个人自由”的资本主义价值。西方各种娱乐活动，也是以感官刺激为商业利润点。如此娱乐生活弱化了自我的意志力，导致心理问题乃至心理疾病的人群不断扩大。

五、加拿大政治的误区
加拿大政党政治，争论大麻合法化问题，争论性教育大纲问题，以增加心理咨询的政府投入为拉票政策卖点，以减少肥胖症财政预算为拉票政策卖点，都没有触及社会问题本质，都是治标不治本的竞选政策。

中国文化的娱乐生活，有琴棋书画等精神文化生活，这些精神文化生活锻炼自我的心理成长，是铸就大器的百年树人之道。西方娱乐生活，追求的是感官刺激，是放任本我，并以个人自由价值的超我为之合理化。华夏文明的精神文化生活才是个人自由的根本，就是自律，就是吾日三省吾身，就是保持心理健康，追求人生自我实现。一个有足够能力控制本我、而又不囿于超我束缚的自我，是心理健康的根本保障。

文艺复兴是反抗中世纪专制的进步文化运动，但是，它确立了资产阶级价值观在物质丰富的今天露出了弊端。基督教教会和学校，无以扭转精神匮乏的社会风气，是资产阶级个人自由价值的白左政治正确使然。伊斯兰教在宗教自由的文艺复兴价值下，反对物欲横流，却塑造了儿童的膨胀的超我，成为恐怖主义意识形态的避风港。加拿大社会最缺乏最需要的是锻炼自我的精神文化生活。白左政治正确成为当代新的专制，以政治正确而无视现实，浪费政府资源，政治资源和社会资源，把这些资源用于无效的政策和社会舆论。

建设加拿大多元文化社会，需要更多的弘扬华夏文化，才能从根本上解决我们面临的许多社会问题，避免无谓无效的党争，避免浪费税收人的钱而无力从根本上解决我们面临的社会问题。

 

Humanist Spirituality

The opioid overdose killed more than 4000 Canadians in 2017. Ontario implemented new sex ed curriculum in 2106 due to the trend that sexual behaviours begin at younger ages. In November 2017, Canada passed Bill C-45 to legalized marijuana. 26.7% of Canadians have obesity in 2015. For every given year, 1out of 5 Canadian have mental health problem or illness. All politicians agree that we should fight obesity and provide more mental health support, but they may fight each other on whether we should legalizing marijuana or implementing the Sex Ed. All these phenomena are just symptoms. Our government policies and our partisan politics are all missing the point. The root cause of these symptoms is that our society lacks the spiritual life. Our society indulges in the abundance of materials and losses our spirituality.

In 1923, Sigmund Freud published his works of The Ego and the Id. From his long time clinical practice in treating mental illnesses, Freud induced his structure model of the human psyche. In his structure model, the behaviours of a person are governed by his Id, Ego, and Super-ego.

The Id is the instinctual drive that produces the instinct behaviours of a person. Id behaviours are determined by the gene. A person eats for the survival of individual life and has sex to preserve the species of Homo sapiens. These behaviours are coded in our gene by million years of natural selection. Id behaviours are the common character of Human and animals alike. At the Id level, Human is a biological being.

Most personal behaviours are cultural behaviours. Watching TV is a cultural behaviour. We don’t have a gene to make watching TV a basic physiological need. Watching TV has nothing to do with the survival of individual life and the sustaining of our species. Social and political activities are also cultural behaviours.

Both our cultural and instinctual behaviours may interact with our fellow human individuals, and the activities of the collective and interactive behaviours compose our social behaviours. For an ordered society, cultural behaviours follow certain etiquettes, and moral obligations and responsibilities. The Super-Ego is the psyche apparatus that internalized cultural rules and moral obligation into our mindset. Cultural behaviours are what distinguish Human from animals. At the Super-Ego level, Human is a social being.

The Ego is the most humanistic psyche. It comprises self-awareness, will, memory, thought, knowledge, reason, and judgment. Our laws are based on this humanistic psyche. If a criminal is proved insane, he is exempted from legal responsibility because he lacks judgment and will. Whoever lacks Ego is insane. At Ego level, human is humanity being.

A healthy man has a strong body and a high spirit. To have a strong body, we need a material life. To have a high spirit, we need a spiritual life. To have a healthy body, we eat healthy foods and exercise. To transcend the mundane life, we learn knowledge and cultivate our spirituality.  Our government provides us many facilities for physical activities; and some cultural and spiritual facilities such as libraries for our humanistic spiritual life. The cultural and spiritual facilities, however, are far less than the sports facilities so that we lack the humanistic spiritual life. This is the root cause of symptoms of our social illnesses mentioned at the beginning of the article.

As our ancestors say, man is the combination of body and soul. To save our soul, we had religious spirituality. It is fine to have religious spirituality as long as it conforms us to a commonly accepted norm of a society; however, when the religious doctrines internalized into the Super-Ego, we may have a totalitarian society that the Super-Ego suppresses the Ego.

The Middle Age is a totalitarian society that religious doctrine becomes the coercive law. The religious “spirituality” suppressed the mundane desires. The social psyche was that the Super-Ego suppressed both Ego and Id. Renaissance is the historical period that shaped our modern man. The Renaissance movement, in the social psyche aspect, was a rebel of Ego and Id against the Medieval Super-Ego. The ideological paradigm switched through Renaissance from religious spirituality to mundane individualism. The Renaissance Ego rebelled the Medieval Super-Ego using Id as a weapon. The naked bodies of the Renaissance sculptures or paintings are the positive confirmation of the Id desires. Renaissance emphasized the humanity on the Id aspect, alongside with the Ego aspect: reason and open-mind.  The confirmation of Id desire was the weapon of Ego rebel the Medieval Super-Ego. This weapon, in turn, becomes our capitalist ideology, and the Super-Ego of our society: individualism.

Individualism rationalized the Id instinct in every aspect of our life, and become the norm of our society. This norm internalized into our Super-Ego, so that the Super-Ego and the Id cooperated hand in hand to suppress the Ego. This modern social psyche structure, combined with the advanced industrialization that produces abundant consumer goods, produces the social illness. We know junk food is bad to our health and exercise is good to our health; however, our weak Ego lacks the will and discipline to control our diet and living habit, so that our society developed the epidemic of obesity. The solution is not just awareness and education; it needs humanistic spiritual activities to cultivate a strong Ego.

Abusing of substance, such as alcohol, marijuana, and opioid, interferes our psyche by weakening the Ego and enhancing the Id drives, under the mandate of the Super-Ego, the freedom and individualism. Our government, as the apparatus of the Super-Ego of the society, cannot touch the ideology of the Super-Ego. As a result, our government implements policies that reduce the risk of life and health, but let the root cause persist. The Super-Ego cooperates with the Id suppresses the Ego. We are in a new totalitarian society that the political correctness, the Super-Ego, suppresses the Ego, the humanistic spirituality.

The Super-Ego of our society, in the name of freedom of religion, let some religions using religious doctrine to fight the materialism. It is the counteraction of Renaissance. The result is a fighting front between religious ideology and liberal ideology. Both sides of the front are trying to use one Super-Ego to replace other Super-Ego. Both suppress the Ego. The terrorist attacks of suicide bombers are the manifestation that the Medieval Super-Ego suppresses the Ego: human life is no worth to preserve for the sake of religious spirit. Yet our liberal ideology, in the name of freedom of religion, allows the counteraction of Renaissance survives in our society. That is why we continue to have home grown terrorists: they are born in Canada, they grow up in Canada, they are educated in our public schools and universities, yet their religious Super-Ego dominated their Ego.

We can have a more healthy cultural life such as dance and sing song that cost less than the cannabis. We can have our youth to play musical instruments or painting to cultivate our spirit other than to abuse substances to weaken our humanist spirit. Investment in marijuana dispensaries, needle exchange, to remove the stigma of drug addiction is not addressing the root causes. Our government should invest, in addition to baseball diamonds and hockey arenas, in more facilities for cultural activities. These cultural activities cultivate humanistic spirit that strengthens our Ego.

The GNP per capita of China is only one-fifth of that of the USA, yet the life expectancy of China is already close to that of the USA. One of the reasons is that, as a humanist civilization for five thousand years, China has a rich humanist cultural and spiritual life. Chinese people enjoy the practice of calligraphy, the Go chess, the Taiji that cultivates both body and mind, and most recently, the square dancing of old ladies. Today, China is the least ideological society, as shown in its foreign policy that ignores all ideological consideration. That is the sign of modest Super-Ego controllable by the Ego. The spiritual life in China is mostly in humanist spirituality. Recently, the counteraction of Renaissance is developing in China in the name of freedom of religion, but the humanist spirituality, the Ego, is still the dominating social psyche. Chinese Canadians have many cultural spiritual activities in their community. They can contribute more to our multiculturalism by its rich cultural lives.

Instead of wasting our political resources in the ideological war between liberalism and religious conservatism, instead of wasting tax money on the government programs that persist the lavish materialism, we should promote humanist spirituality. As an immigrant country of multiculturalism, Canada has rich cultural resources that can be promoted for our humanist spirituality, so to reduce early age immature sex life, reduce substance abuses, reduce obesity, reduce mental illness and to build a healthy society.